An array of specialized programs and related resources are available to help children with Down syndrome. Early referral, beginning at birth, to an early intervention program will help enhance development. All areas of development – including motor skills, language, intellectual abilities, and social and adaptive skills – should be followed closely.

Medical care for infants with Down syndrome should include the same well-baby care that other children receive during the first years of life, as well as special attention to some problems that are more common in children with Down syndrome. For example, because low thyroid levels are more common in infants who have Down syndrome, children with Down syndrome need regular thyroid testing. And because they have an elevated risk for cataracts and other vision problems, children with Down syndrome should also have regular vision exams. Young children with Down syndrome may have frequent colds and sinus and ear infections - these should be treated early and aggressively to prevent hearing loss and chronic infections.

Children with Down syndrome are often developmentally delayed. A combination of low muscle tone (muscle weakness) and highly flexible joints can make rolling over, crawling, sitting and standing difficult. A physical or occupational therapist can tailor exercises to help strengthen the baby's muscles and encourage development. Because development of speech and language abilities may be difficult and may take longer than expected, speech therapy may be helpful.

It is not possible to determine the intelligence level of a baby with Down syndrome, and intelligence levels can vary greatly among individuals. Parents should keep in mind that children with Down syndrome have a wide range of abilities and talents, and each child develops at his or her own particular pace. It may take children with Down syndrome longer than other children to reach developmental milestones, but many of these milestones will eventually be met. Parents should make a concerted effort not to compare the developmental progress of a child with Down syndrome to the progress of other siblings or even to other children with Down syndrome. Early intervention can help many people with Down syndrome live productive lives well into adulthood.